The <table> element is for the presentation of tabular material. A table is created by opening the table, creating rows within the table <tr> and cells <td> within the rows.
Tables can also be used for control over format. In some instances, this Compendium uses tables for just such a purpose.
If there were a "trick" to using tables, it would simply be "keep it neat and organized". To view several such methods of organization, view the source of this page.
align=
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specifies the horizontal alignment of the table (not its contents) (w3)
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| bleedleft
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flush left with the left (window) border (w3)
| a small table - align="bleedleft" |
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| bleedright
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flush right with the right (window) border. (w3)
| a small table - align="bleedright" |
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| center
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the table is centered between the text margins and text flow around the table is disabled. This is the default setting for ALIGN. (w3)
| a small table - align="center" |
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| char |
this is used for aligning cell contents on a particular character.
|
| justify
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When applicable, the table should be sized to fill the space between the left and right text margins. Text flow around the table is disabled for align="justify." (w3)
None of the browsers acted as I expected them to. UdiWWW moved flush left, ignoring justify.
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| left
default
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flush left with the left text margin (w3) (IExplorer)
All seem to follow their defaults and moved/stayed at the left margin.
| a small table - align="left" |
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| right
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flush right with the right text margin (w3) (IExplorer)
| a small table - align="right" |
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background=
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this places a background picture behind the table. It is tiled in the same way as a <body background="url"> attribute. (IE 3.0)
| a small table - background="blue.jpg" |
|
bgcolor=
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sets the background colour of the table, (IExplorer)
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| #rrggbb |
this is six hexadecimal numbers that stipulates a specific colour from a palette of 32768 colours. The colours are specified in rr="" red, gg="" green, bb="" blue. According to Microsoft, the # sign is optional
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
| a small table - bgcolor="#3cb371" |
|
| colorname |
in addition to the #rrggbb combination above, specific colours can be specified by name. Supported colours are:
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
black, maroon, green, olive, navy, purple, teal, gray, silver (silver),
red, lime, yellow, blue, fuchsia, aqua and white (white)
| a small table - bgcolor="green" |
|
border=
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The presence of this attribute instructs the browser to render borders around tables. For instance: <TABLE BORDER>. The precise appearence, along with the size of margins around cells, can be controlled by associated style sheets, or via information in the STYLE element in the document head. Subclassing tables, rows and cells is particularly useful in this regard. (w3)
border="0"
border="1"
border="5"
border="10"
|
| n |
the only value for n is a whole number indicating the number of pixels in the size of the border.
| a small table border="10" |
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bordercolor=
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sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute. (IExplorer)
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| #rrggbb |
this is six hexadecimal numbers that stipulates a specific colour from a palette of 32768 colours. The colours are specified in rr= red, gg= green, bb= blue. According to Microsoft, the # sign is optional
C
o
l
o
u
r
s
with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by:
Gernot Metze
| a small table bordercolor="#3cb371"
|
|
| colorname |
in addition to the #rrggbb combination above, specific colours can be specified by name. Supported colours are:
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
black, maroon, green, olive, navy, purple, teal, gray, silver (silver),
red, lime, yellow, blue, fuchsia, aqua and white (white)
| a small table bordercolor="green" |
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bordercolordark=
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Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT and must be used with the BORDER attribute. (IExplorer)
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| #rrggbb |
this is six hexadecimal numbers that stipulates a specific colour from a palette of 32768 colours. The colours are specified in rr="" red, gg="" green, bb="" blue. According to Microsoft, the # sign is optional
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
| a small table bordercolordark="#800000" |
|
| colorname |
in addition to the #rrggbb combination above, specific colours can be specified by name. Supported colours are:
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
black, maroon, green, olive, navy, purple, teal, gray, silver (silver),
red, lime, yellow, blue, fuchsia, aqua and white (white)
| a small table bordercolordark="maroon" |
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bordercolorlight=
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sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK and must be used with the BORDER attribute. (IExplorer)
|
| #rrggbb |
this is six hexadecimal numbers that stipulates a specific colour from a palette of 32768 colours. The colours are specified in rr="" red, gg="" green, bb="" blue. According to Microsoft, the # sign is optional
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
| a small table bordercolorlight="#0000cd" |
|
| colorname |
in addition to the #rrggbb combination above, specific colours can be specified by name. Supported colours are:
Colours with 140 named Netscape colours and 16 named Internet Explorer colours.
This is a complete explanation of colour by: Gernot Metze
black, maroon, green, olive, navy, purple, teal, gray, silver (silver),
red, lime, yellow, blue, fuchsia, aqua and white (white)
| a small table bordercolorlight="mediumblue" |
|
cellborder=
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| Cell #1 | Cell #2 |
| Cell #3 |
<td cellborder="5" bordercolor="green">
This is a WebTV attribute:
"Use the cellborder attribute to set the width of the border for table cells in pixels. By default, the border for the cells is the same as for the table. Use the border attribute to set the border width for the table." (WebTV)
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cellpadding=
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In a table, the content of the cell is spaced in the cell by cellpadding="." This will also specify the size of the cell relative to the content of the cell. The unit of measure is a pixel and is expressed in whole numbers.
<table cellpadding="20" border="5" bordercolor="green">
<tr>
<td>a small table - cellpadding="20"</td>
<td>the second cell</td>
</tr></table>
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| a small table - cellpadding="20" |
the second cell |
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cellspacing=
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Each cell is bounded by a border — the space between cells. This attribute stipulates the size of the cell border. The unit of measure is a pixel and is expressed in whole numbers.
IE accepted cellspacing but applied it to the entire border and gullies.
<table cellspacing="40" border="5" bordercolor="green">
<tr>
<td>a small table - cellspacing="40" </td>
<td>a second cell</td>
</tr></table> |
| a small table - cellspacing="40" |
a second cell |
|
| char= |
This is used to specify an alignment character for use with align="char," e.g. char=":." The default character is the decimal point for the current language, as set by the LANG attribute. The CHAR attribute value is case sensitive. (w3)
|
| charoff= |
Specifies the offset to the first occurrence of the alignment character on each line. If a line doesn't include the alignment character, it should be horizontally shifted to end at the alignment position. The resolved direction of the cell, as determined by the inheritance of the DIR attribute, is used to set whether the offset is from the left or right margin of the cell. For Latin scripts, the offset will be from the left margin, while for Arabic scripts, it will be from the right margin. In addition to standard units, the % sign may be used to indicate that the value specifies the alignment position as a percentage offset of the current call, e.g. charoff="30% indicates the alignment character should be positioned 30% through the cell.
When using the two pass layout algorithm, the default alignment position in the absence of an explicit or inherited charoff attribute can be determined by choosing the position that would center lines for which the width before and after the alignment character are at the maximum values for any of the lines in the column for which align="char. For incremental table layout the suggested default is charoff="50%. If several cells in different rows for the same column use character alignment, then by default, all such cells should line up, regardless of which character is used for alignment. Rules for handling objects too large for column apply when the explicit or implied alignment results in a situation where the data exceeds the assigned width of the column.(W3)
|
class=
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clear=
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When there is already a figure or table in the margin, you sometimes want to position another figure below the figure in the margin rather than alongside it. The CLEAR attribute allows you to move down unconditionally: (w3)
Alternatively, you can decide to place the figure alongside the figure in the margin just so long as there is enough room. The minimum width needed is specified as ## en where ##="the" number of nutts or ### pixels where ### is the number of pixels.
|
| all
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move down until both margins are clear (w3)
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| left
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move down until left margin is clear (w3)
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| no
default
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do not clear existing elements - overwrite if necessary. The only place that this argument has turned up is in the Microsoft IE 2.0 DTD. There is no indication that it is actually supported.
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| right
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move down until right margin is clear (w3)
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| ## en
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move down until there is at least 40 en units free (w3)
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| ### pixels
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move down until there is at least 100 pixels free (w3)
|
| cols= |
Specifies the properties of a column. |
cols=
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This indicates to the browser the number of columns to display on the canvas. This makes little difference in the way the table is displayed, only the speed at which it is displayed. If the browser supports cols="", it should display the table faster.
| col 1 | col 2 | col 3 | col 4 | col 5 |
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| colgroup= |
Groups and aligns columns within tables.
|
colspec=
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The colspec attribute is a list of column widths and alignment specifications. The columns are listed from left to right with a capital letter followed by a number, e.g. COLSPEC="L20" C8 L40. The L is for left, C for center, R for right alignment of cell contents. J is for justification, when feasable, otherwise it is treated in the same way as L for left alignment. D is for decimap alignment, see DP attribute.
Capital letters are required to avoid a particularly common error when a lower case L is confused with a one. Column entries are delimited by one or more space characters. (w3)
The number specifies the width in en's, pixels or as a fractional value of the table width, all according to the associated units attribute. This approach is more compact than use with most SGML table models and chosen to simplify hand entry. The width attribute allows you to specify the width of the table in pixels, en units or as a percentage of the space between the current left and right margins.
I could see no difference in the presentation of the table using this attribute with all the browsers except UdiWWW. It's funny though, UdiWWW did not do as it was instructed. I told it 'colspec="L100" R20' and it gave me two columns of 100 left aligned and nothing 20. In the second table I set 'colspec="L20" R100' and it gave me a table width of 20 somethings. When I set 'units="pixels'" UdiWWW still honoured the units attribute but still did it wrong. None of the browsers recognized the cell alignment specification.
The MSIE 2.0 DTD specifies that this attribute is not supported by this particular version.
|
dir=
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The MSIE 2.0 DTD specifies that this attribute is not supported.
|
| ltr |
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| rtl |
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dp=
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This specifies the character to be used for the decimal point with the COLSPEC attribute, e.g. dp="." (the default) or dp=",." The default may be altered by the language context, as set by the LANG attribute on enclosing elements. (w3)
None of the browsers recognized this attribute. I used the 'align="decimal'" in the cell rows.
|
frame=
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The BORDER attribute controls frame width around the table and FRAME defines which parts of the frame to include. For BORDER, the default units is pixels, but may be specified by one of the standard defined units suffixes. BORDER="0" implies FRAME="none," and BORDER without a value implies FRAME="border." (Sandia)
Provides additional information for table frames. You may only specify frames for tables containing the THEAD, TBODY and TFOOT elements.
Possible values of frame are as follows:
- void
- above
- below
- hsides
- lhs
- rhs
- vsides
- box
- border
|
| void
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|
removes all outside table borders
| <table border="10" frame="void"> |
|
| above
|
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displays a border on the top side of the table frame
| <table border="10" frame="above"> |
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| below
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displays a border on the bottom side of the table frame
| <table border="10" frame="below"> |
|
| hsides
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+ |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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displays a border on the top and bottom sides of the table frame.
| <table border="10" frame="hsides"> |
|
| lhs
|
+ |
2.0 |
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3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
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4.0 |
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|
displays a border on the left hand side of the table frame.
| <table border="10" frame="lhs"> |
|
| rhs
|
+ |
2.0 |
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3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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|
displays a border on the right hand side of the table frame.
| <table border="10" frame="rhs"> |
|
| vsides
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
displays a border on the left and right hand sides of the table frame.
| <table border="10" frame="vsides"> |
|
| box
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
displays a border on all sides of the table frame.
| <table border="10" frame="box"> |
|
| border
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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render all four sides of the frame.
The value BORDER is included for backwards compatibility with deployed browsers. If a document includes <TABLE BORDER> the user agent will see frame="border" and border="implied". If the documents includes <table border="n"> then the user agent should treat this a frame-border except if n="0" for which frame="void" is appropriate.
| <table border="10" frame="border"> |
|
height=
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
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.. specifies the height in pixels that the table must fit. The table is scaled to fit the specified height and width. (Netscape)
| a small table - height="50" |
| a small table - height="100" |
|
href=
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
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Use the href attribute to set the destination URL for the table. The href attribute causes the entire table to become an anchor and defines the URL for that anchor. When the viewer selects the table, the WebTV interface will go to that page.
|
hspace=
|
1.0 |
2.1 |
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0.9 |
1.2 |
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.. specifies the horizontal space in pixels within which the table must fit. The table is scaled to fit the specified height and width. (Netscape)
| a small table - hspace="200" |
| a small table - hspace="400" |
|
id=
|
+ |
2.0 |
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3.2 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
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0.9 |
1.2 |
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|
index=
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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lang=
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+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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name=
|
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1.2 |
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Use the name attribute to set the name for the table. The name for the table should be unique in the web page, however, version 1.0 of WebTV HTML interface does not check for unique names. The WebTV interface will simply find the first table with that name.
|
noflow
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
The presence of this attribute disables text flow around the table. It avoids the need to use the CLEAR or NEEDS attributes on the following element. (w3)
UdiWWW did the exact opposite of the description. It flowed a following paragraph around the table. It's interesting to note that none of the browsers did anything right. IExplorer and Netscape put the following paragraph, before the table. Mosaic put the paragraph below (maybe it did it right) and UdiWWW flowed the paragraph around the table.
The MSIE 2.0 and 3.0 DTDs specify that this attribute is not supported.
|
nowrap
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
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0.9 |
1.2 |
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The NOWRAP attribute is used when you don't want the browser to automatically wrap lines. You can then explicitly specify line breaks in paragraphs using the BR element. (w3)
|
rules=
|
+ |
2.0 |
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3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
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0.9 |
1.2 |
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"frame=", above, controls what exterior borders are displayed on a table. The "rules=" attribute provides some control over the borders of the cells themselves.
- none
- basic
- groups
- rows
- cols
- all
|
| none
default
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
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1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
removes all interior table borders
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
|
| basic |
This one is from an earlier edition but does not appear to have much support.
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
|
| groups
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
This attribute places horizontal rules between the three table groups: THEAD, TFOOT and TBODY and and vertical rules between vertical groupings created with the <colgroup> tag.
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #5 | cell #6 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 | cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #5 | cell #6 | cell #7 | cell #8 |
| cell #9 | cell #10 | cell #11 | cell #12 |
| cell #13 | cell #14 | cell #15 | cell #16 |
| cell #17 | cell #18 | cell #19 | cell #20 |
| cell #21 | cell #22 | cell #23 | cell #24 |
| cell #25 | cell #26 | cell #27 | cell #28 |
| cell #29 | cell #30 | cell #31 | cell #32 |
| cell #33 | cell #34 | cell #35 | cell #36 |
| cell #37 | cell #38 | cell #39 | cell #40 |
|
| rows
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
displays horizontal borders between all table rows.
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
|
| cols
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
displays vertical borders between all table columns.
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
|
| all
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
displays a border on all rows and columns.
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
| cell #1 | cell #2 |
| cell #3 | cell #4 |
|
style=
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
A text string providing rendering information specific to this element in a notation independent of HTML. (W3)
|
title=
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
|
transparency=
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
With version 1.1 of the WebTV interface, use the transparency attribute for the background color for the table. The value for the transparency attribute can range from 0 (fully opaque) to 100 (fully transparent). The default value for transparency is 0. Note that the WebTV interface has implemented optimization for a transparency value of 50 that make pages draw faster.
|
units=
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
specifies the choice of units for the COLSPEC attribute. (w3)
The MSIE 2.0 DTD specifies that this attribute is not supported.
|
| en
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
specifies en units (a typographical unit equal to have the point size). This is the default setting and allows users agents to render the table a row at a time without waiting until all of the table's data has been received. (w3)
|
| relative
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
used to set the relative width of columns. The user agent sums the values to determine the proportional width of each column. (w3)
|
| pixels
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
the least useful (w3)
|
valign=
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
specifes that the text can be top or bottom aligned. The default is center aligned. (IExplorer)
| a small table - valign="20" |
|
| baseline
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
This appears in the MSIE 2.0 DTD but does not describe what this argument is supposed to do.
|
| bottom
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
|
| middle
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
|
| top
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
|
vspace=
|
1.0 |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
.. specifies the vertical space in pixels within which the table must fit. The table is scaled to fit the specified height and width. (Netscape)
| a small table - vspace="50" |
|
width=
|
+ |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
This specifies the width of the table according to the UNITS attribute. If units="relative," the width is taken as a percentage of the width between the current left and right margins. The user agent should disregard this attribute if it would result in columns having less than their minimum widths. (w3)
| a small table - width="40" |
|
| %
|
1.0 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
|
|
|
one of the two possible units of measure for establishing width and height. Percentage is relative to the space available to display the table.
|
| pixels
|
1.0 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
|
|
|
one of the two possible units of measure for establishing width and height. This is an absolute measurement but it will be truncated in the event that the table will not fit within the space available.
|
