Nobel Prizes in Economics

Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

• Deutsche Version

(List, not checked)

1969

J. Tinbergen (Netherlands)

R. Frisch (Norway)

1970

P. A. Samuelson (USA)

1971

S. Kuznets (USA, Soviet Union)

1972

J. R. Hicks (United Kingdom)

K. J. Arrow (USA)

1973

W. Leontief (USA)

1974

F. A. Hayek (Austria, USA)

K. G. Myrdal (Sweden)

1975

T. Koopmans (USA)

L. Kantorovich (Soviet Union)

1976

M. Friedman (USA)

1977

B. Ohlin (Sweden)

J. Meade (United Kingdom)

1978

H.A. Simon (USA)

1979

T. W. Schultz (USA)

A. Lewis (United Kingdom)

1980

L. R. Klein (USA)

1981

J. Tobin (USA)

1982

G.J. Stigler (USA)

1983

G. Debreu (USA)

1984

Sir R. Stone (United Kingdom)

1985

F. Modigliani (Italy, USA)

1986

J. Buchanan (USA)

1987

R. M. Solow (USA)

1988

M. Allais (France)

1989

T. Haavelmo (Norway)

1990

H. Markowitz (USA)

M. Miller (USA)

W. Sharpe (USA)

1991

Ronald H. Coase (United Kingdom, USA)

1992

Gary S. Becker (USA)

1993

Robert W. Fogel (USA)

Douglass C. North (USA)

Studies on the history of economics

1994

Reinhard Selten (Germany)

John C. Harsanyi (USA)

Analysis of the equilibrium in non-cooperative game theory

John F. Nash (USA)

Equilibrium theory

1995

Robert E. Lucas, Jr. (USA, *1937)

for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy

1996

James A. Mirrlees (United Kingdom, *1936)

William Vickrey (Canada, USA, 1914 - 1996-10-10)

for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information

1997

Robert C. Merton (USA, *1944)

Myron S. Scholes (USA, *1941)

for a new method to determine the value of derivatives

1998

Amartya Sen (India/United Kingdom, *1933)

for his contributions to welfare economics

1999

Robert A. Mundell (USA, Canada, *1932)

or his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas

2000

James J. Heckman (USA, *1944)

for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples

Daniel L. McFadden (USA, *1937)

for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice

2001

George A. Akerlof (USA, *1940)

A. Michael Spence (USA, *1943)

Joseph E. Stiglitz (USA, *1943)

for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information

2002

Daniel Kahneman (USA/Israel, *1934)

for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty

Vernon L. Smith (USA, *1927)

for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms

2003

Robert F. Engle (USA, *1942)

for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)

Clive W. J. Granger (United Kingdom, *1934)

for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)

2004

Finn E. Kydland (Norway, *1943)

Edward C. Prescott (USA, *1940)

for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles

2005

Robert J. Aumann (Israel and USA, *1930)

Thomas C. Schelling (USA, *1921)

for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis

2006

Edmund S. Phelps (USA, *1933)

for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy

2007

Leonid Hurwicz (USA, *1917 in Russia)

Eric S. Maskin (USA, *1950)

Roger B. Myerson (USA, *1951)

for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

2008

Paul Krugman (USA, *1953)

for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity

2009

Elinor Ostrom (USA, *1933)

for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons

Oliver E. Williamson (USA, *1932)

for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm